请英语高手帮我翻译几段文字!谢谢!
In 1303, Dalton inherited the ancient Greek Atomism and Newton simple particles that make atomic theory, and its main points: (1) of chemical elements can not be separated from the particles - atoms, which in all chemical change is no longer the smallest unit of sub - . (2) of the atomic elements with the nature and quality are the same, different elements of the nature and quality of atoms vary, atomic mass is one of the basic characteristics of the element. (3) combination of different elements, the atom than the combination of a simple integer. Derivation and experimental proof than the law of times. If the quality of a fixed element, then the other elements in various compounds into the quality of a certain simple integer ratio.
In the late 19th century, radioactive elements were found one by one, the fact that they broke the atomic fission is no longer the traditional concept of points. Thomson in 1897, British scientists have found that the original house with negatively charged electron. All this inspired scientists to explore the internal structure of atoms.
1904, British scientists first proposed raisin bread Thomson atomic model. He believes that since the electronics so small and so light, so some positively charged atoms filled the entire atom, and a small very light electronic immersed in positively charged atmosphere, which like raisins as embedded in bread. Electronic belt atom with negative charge was partially offset by positively charged, so the atom is neutral. Thomson's atomic model to explain the atom is neutral, but also an estimated radius about atomic 100pm (10-10m), so it popular for more than 10 years after the accidental Thomson Rutherford overthrow students.
In 1911, Rutherford and Geiger with α-particle bombardment of metal foil, and screen records particle scattering phenomena. He found that the majority of α-particles by a straight line through the metal foil, only a very small part of α-particles was a great bounce back or deflection angle. This experiment fully explained, there are a lot of room for atoms, while the positive charge on the atomic center part of a very small ball inside the body, here accounting for atomic mass of 99%. Therefore, he concluded that Thomson's raisin bread model of the atom does not match reality, the same time, he acted decisively in proposing the new atomic model.
In 1912, Rutherford Contact solar system planets revolving around the sun to make the new model is a positively charged atomic nuclei in the atoms of the middle, accounting for the vast majority of atomic mass, just as the sun as the solar system; negatively charged nucleus surrounded by an electronic for high-speed movement. The model can be estimated by atomic diameter is 100pm, electronic diameter is 1fm, the nucleus diameter is 10 ~ 0.1fm, there are a lot of room for atoms.
In 1913, Rutherford's students, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr will be born near the quantum theory of atomic structure model applied to, and put forward: E may in some specific orbit around the core for circular motion, the farther away from the nuclear energy higher; possible orbital angular momentum by the electron must be several times the entire h/2π decisions; when the electronic potential in these tracks campaign does not launch atomic energy absorption not only when the electronic transitions from one track to another track when it fired or atomic energy absorption and emission or absorption of radiation is the single-frequency, radiation frequency and the relationship between energy E = hν is given by. Bohr therefore items won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Bohr developed his teacher Rutherford's theory, but he is still not completely shake off the effects of traditional theory. In his theory, sometimes the use of new theoretical methods, and sometimes use the traditional theory, which he atomic structure, particle movement of the explanation, there are still many places where self-contradictory.
委婉语
Euphemism(委婉语)一词源于希腊语euphemismos, 前缀eu意为good, pleasant,well(好的,善意的),而词根pheme意为speech(语言)。Euphemism的意思是good/pleasant(好听的话)。《语言及语言学词典》给委婉语下的定义是“用一种不明说的,能使人感到愉快的或含糊的说法,代替具有令人不悦的含义或够尊敬的表达方法。”
Euphemism
Euphemism (euphemism) an etymology in Greek euphemismos, the prefix eu Italy is good, pleasant, well (good, good intentions), but the stem pheme Italy is speech (language). The Euphemism meaning is good/pleasant (pleasant to hear words). "Language And Linguistics Dictionary" are “do not state clearly for the euphemism under definition with one kind, can make one feel that happy or ambiguous view, replaces has the expression method which the disgruntled meaning or suffices to respect.”
1. 使用褒义形容词。由于广告的目的是为了介绍商品的优越性能和品质,以大量推销商品,所以广告中经常使用一些有积极肯定意义的褒义形容词,对商品进行粉饰和美化,从而赢得消费者的好感。(如beautiful,good, new, fresh,big etc.)例如:The clean look: It’s the fresh, natural look of clean make-up.这是美国非常大众化的化妆品Cover Girl的广告。该广告用了4个形容词,以自然与洁净为宣传的主题,不强调浓妆艳抹,使得产品平易近人,没有高不可攀的感觉。
1. Use commendatory meaning adjective. Because the advertisement goal is to introduce the commodity the high performance and the quality, by mass selling commodity, therefore in the advertisement uses some to have the positive affirmation significance commendatory meaning adjective frequently, carries on to the commodity plasters and beautifies, thus wins consumer's favorable impression. (for example beautiful, good, new, fresh, big etc. ) for example: The clean look: It's the fresh, natural look of clean make-up. this is the American very popularity cosmetics Cover Girl advertisement. This advertisement has used 4 adjectives, take the nature and as the propaganda subject, does not emphasize purely beautifully makes up, causes the product to be amiable, does not have the unattainable feeling.
2. 运用富有异国风味的外来词。对从外国进口或具有异国风味的商品作广告时,经常使用外来词,以区别于国内的品牌或突出其较高的质量,吸引消费者的注意力,特别是女性消费者的注意力。广告英语中一些女士服装的品牌名、商标经常出现外来语的后缀-IQUE。例如footique bootique。-ique 出自法语的boutique(妇女时装用品店)。因此,品牌名、商标里包含-ique,显示出产品具有时髦、考究的法国款式
2. Utilizes the rich foreign land flavor the external word. To or has from the foreign import when the foreign land flavor's commodity makes the advertisement, frequently uses the external word, distinguishes in the domestic brand or highlights it high quality, attracts consumer's attention, specially feminine consumer's attention. In advertisement English some women the clothing the brand name, the trademark present the loan word frequently suffix - IQUE. For example footique bootique. - ique stems from French boutique (woman fashionable clothing thing shop). Therefore, in the brand name, the trademark contains - ique, demonstrated the product has fashionably, the elegant French design
3. 使用诱导性很强的词汇或词组。例:I wonder why I even went away. I tired the rest, but I came back. Isn’t it time you came back to Dr. White’s? (Dr. Whirte’s 卫生巾广告) 这则以“I came back”为标题的广告用一个女性之口,陈述了她在使用其他牌子的卫生巾之后又回来使用Dr. Whirte’s的卫生巾,“go away”这一词组,使讲话人的后悔之情溢于言表,而反复出现的“come back”突出了主题,以自己的经验让人感到商品的可信可靠、可味亲可近。最后站在消费者的立场上,以问句的形式提建议、出点子,情真意切,引起消费者的共鸣和思索。
3. Use inductivity very strong glossary or phrase. Example: I wonder why I even went away. I tired the rest, but I came back. Isn't it time you came back to Dr. White's? (Dr. The Whirte's sanitary napkin advertisement) this take “I came back” as the title advertisement mouth of with the feminine, stated she after using other sign's sanitary napkin comes back to use Dr. The Whirte's sanitary napkin, “go away” this phrase, causes the speech person's sentiment of regret to reveal in speech and appearance, but presented “come back” to highlight the subject repeatedly, let the human by own experience feel that the commodity credible reliable, might the taste kiss may be near. Finally stands in consumer's standpoint, makes the suggestion by the interrogative sentence form, to make suggestions, the sentiment true meaning cuts, arouses consumer's sympathy and the thinking.
Tony decided to start his own business after he graduated from college/university. At first, many banks turned down his application for a loan. But he didn't give up and kept calling on different bankers one by one to ask for help. Eventually one banker was touched by his determination as well as his optimistic spirit and decided to give him the loan. And now Toney is a rich businessman. When talking about his amazing achievements, Tony put emphasis on the importance of creating a miracle rather than waiting for it to happen.
Uncle Li was not well-to-do himself, but he never hesitated when others needed help. Before his retirement, he located two poverished children who were keen on receiving their education from Project Hope. And since then he had been sending them money regularly. The two children both got into university later on and made their way to study overseas. They often thought of Uncle Li and corresponded with him. And every time he re-read their letters, Uncle Li's face would broaden with a smile. He thought that was the most sensible investment in his life.
keeping touch with friends who are distant is an uneasy thing.
while it comes to me,so the curcomstance.
it has been for sevaral years leaving away the old street and the people there.
有个疯子要我下线,兄弟 就翻译到这里了
疯了,这么难
A couple keep in touch (come up neighborhood. Communicate
On 25 (keep up mind this kind correspondence
Friend afar and keep in touch is not an easy thing, to me, is this.
Leave old neighborhoods and there have a few friends. I have been going to write to them, but always have such things, just don't seem out of the empty. Now that I lost touch with them. But I always bring with them, I think I must be kept up a correspondence with their efforts.
Turn down Graduate call on loan select amaze determination
Torre mud after graduating from college decided on her own. Many Banks have started to his loan requirements. But he didn't lose heart, one banker for help to visit. One banker was his determination and optimism, finally moved to lend to him. Now he became a rich businessman. Talking about the amazing achievements, the emphasis on clay putemphasis (off) the creating opportunities rather than waiting for the importance of opportunity.
Locate Broaden correspond hesitate make 25 this way keen overseas
Previous to sensible
Though not rich LiDaBo yourself in others need help, but he never hesitate. Before he retired from the hope project hope project (get) two families to the rural poor but study of children. Then he gave them regularly. The two children were admitted to the university, and later from overseas. They often miss LiDaBo, has been in correspondence with him. Each of them, re-read LiDaBo will face. Bloom He thought it was the most sensible of life.
And friends stay in touch from afar is not an easy thing, for me, this is the case.
To leave the old neighborhood and friends who have been there a few years. I always intend to write to them, but there are kinds of things, seems to be no air pump. Now I can say that they had lost contact. But I have been Jigua Zhao them, I would like to have in the future I will definitely try to maintain communication with them linked.
After graduating from the University of mud up to determine their own business. The beginning of many banks refused to loan his request. However, he-ho Buxie Qi, continue to call on a banker for help. A banker by his determination and optimism touched by the end agreed to give him credit. Now, he became a wealthy businessman. When talking about what has been surprising success, stressed the mud off (putemphasis on) the opportunity to create, rather than waiting for the opportunity.
Li Dabo though not rich themselves, but others need help, he never hesitated. He retired from the Hope Project (project hope), where his family was poor but the two have been eager to study children in rural areas of the address. Since then, he regularly to give them money. The two children were later admitted to the University, also received abroad. They often miss Li Dabo has been communication with him. Every time they re-read the letter, Li Taibo will face a smile blooming. He finds that his life is the most sensible investment.
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