哪位英语高手帮忙翻译一下，悬赏50分
【刑法的分类】classification of criminal law
（一）刑法的形式分类
Classification of criminal law in form
（1）广义刑法与狭义刑法
Criminal law in general sense and criminal in narrow sense
广义刑法，是指关于犯罪及其法律后果的法律规范的总和，即包括刑法典、单行刑法与附属刑法。侠义刑法是指刑法典。
Criminal law in general sense, that means the sum of the relative low of committing a crime and the result of it, which includes penal code, criminal law of single file and subsidiary criminal law.
Criminal in narrow sense is equal to penal code.
（2）普通刑法与特别刑法
普通刑法是指具有普遍适用的性质与效力的刑法，刑法典便是普通刑法。特别刑法是指仅适用于特别人、特别时、特别地或特别事项的刑法。
Ordinary criminal law and special criminal law
Ordinary criminal law means laws that have the quality and force being widely applicable.
special criminal law is only equal to the criminal law that aims at special persons, in special circumstances or special events.
（3）形式刑法与实质刑法
形式刑法是从外形或名称上便可得知其为刑法的法律，刑法典与单行刑法即是。实质刑法是指外形或名称上不属刑法，但其内容规定了犯罪与刑罚的法律或条款，附属刑法即是。
Formal criminal law and substantive criminal low
Formal criminal law, as we can understand by words, means low of penal code, including penal code and criminal law of single file.
Substantive criminal low means the laws or items, which don’t belong to criminal law in form or titles, but set rules of the law or provisions of crime and criminal law in content. Like subsidiary criminal law
楼主参考下~专业名词都有查询相关词典~希望对你有帮助~
Your presentation will cover the following areas
你的（口头）报告必须覆盖以下方面：
1.Perform a comprehensive SWOT analysis for the company in the market
1、对公司在市场上的定位做一个综合的SWOT战略矩阵分析。
2.Identify new target markets in which your company can enter to increase its market share and profit in an international overseas market.
2、找出你的公司在海外国际市场上可以进入从而增加其市场份额和利润的新的目标市场。
3.Analyse the behaviour of the consumers in these new markets.
3、分析这些新市场上的消费者的行为。
4.Present your analysis of typical consumer behaviour stating significant factors that affect purchase behaviour.
展示你对典型消费者行为的分析，指出影响其购买行为的明显要素。
E.g. perception, learning and memory, personality, motivation, attitude, lifestyle, groups, or situational influences.(Select at least 4 major factors to discuss).
例如认知，学习，记忆，性格，动机，态度，生活方式，群体，或境况性影响（选择至少4个要素进行讨论）。
Include examples of advertisements.In particular note any specific cultural differences that have an effect on International Consumer Behaviour.
在讨论中加入广告的例子。尤其要突出对国际消费者行为有影响的具体的文化差异。
You will be required to present your findings in the form of a professional presentation including appendices and a bibliography.Do not read from typed notes during the presentation.
必须把你的研究发现做成正规的报告的格式，包括附录、参考书目。在作报告时不能看稿子。
供你参考。
Sedex Training for Tesco Technical Managers
Tesco技术管理员的Sedex训练
Rosey Hurst （作者）
Why Invent Sedex? 为什么创立Sedex
2001 – retailers identified need to: 零售商要做的
• Learn from each other 互相学习
• Send suppliers unified message 给供应商发送一致的信息
• Empower suppliers 授权给供应商
• Reduce costs + increase change 降低成本＋增加变化
• Supplier供应商
• Ethical 伦理
• Data 数据
• Exchange 交易
• Web-based system: 基于网络的系统
• MAINTAIN data 维护信息
• SHARE data with customers which they have a trading relationship 与有贸易来往的客户分享信息
• FILING CABINET 归档
• set policy 制定政策
• pass / fail / certify / score suppliers 供应商及格／不及格／证明／分数
Who is Sedex For? Sedex为了谁？
• Any company which wants to SHARE information on labour standards with its customers任何想与其客户分享劳动力标准信息的公司
• Any company which wants to KNOW about labour standards in its supply chain任何想了解他的供应链上劳动力标准信息的公司
Who’s involved? 涉及了什么人？
• Tesco 人名
• John Lewis人名
• Marks & Spencer人名
• Safeway Stores (UK英国缩写) 人名
• Sainsbury’s人名
• Waitrose人名
• Arla Foods人名
• Geest人名
• United Biscuits人名
• Uniq人名
• RHM人名
• Northern Foods北美食物
• 1100+ production sites (45% non-food) 1100 ＋产地（45％非粮食产地）
• 42 countries 42个国家
• Advisory Board (initially nominated by Ethical Trading Initiative)咨询部
• Independent non-executive director 独立的非执行主管
Key principles 关键原则
• Supplier owns data 供应商自己的数据
• Supplier controls who can see the data供应商控制能看到资料的人员
• Retailers/brands cannot view each other’s supply chains 零售商／品牌不能相互看到对方的供应链
Membership Types 员工关系类型
• Three classes of membership: 三种员工关系
– A members - who VIEW data eg Tesco 观看数据（例如Tesco）的员工
– B members - who ENTER data 输入信息的员工
– AB members - who do BOTH eg RHM 两者兼备，例如RHM
SEDEX membership fees SEDEX会员费
• ‘A’ members pay according to turnover (one off joining fee plus annual subscription) A型会员根据流通量支付（介绍费＋每年订金）
– Not your suppliers!!不是你的供应商
• ‘B’ members pay £25 per site per year (plus handling charge) B型会员每地点每年25英镑（加上操作费用）
– MAJORITY of your suppliers 你的供应商的大多数属于这类
• ‘AB’ members pay both AB型会员两者都要支付
– Some of your suppliers eg agents or big companies某些供应商，例如代理商或者大公司
turnover 流通量 joining fee入会费 subscription定金
> £15 bn £15,000 £15,000
£8bn - 15bn £11,250 £11,250
£5bn - 8bn £7,500 £7,500
£2bn - 5bn £3,750 £3,750
£1bn - £2bn £2,250 £2,250
£10m - £1bn £1,125 £1,125
<£10m £750 £750
Benefits of Sedex―― Sedex的好处
• Tool for convergence 经济回笼工具
• Collection of comparable data 相关比较信息的收集
• Ability to track supply chain 追踪供应链的能力
• Empowers suppliers 授权于供应商
Benefits: Cost Saving好处：节省成本
Increased efficiency & reduced cost 增加效益并且降低成本
site has 6 audits @ £1500
2,000 primary sites 2000个主要地点
Cost = £18 million 成本等于1800万英镑
Saving = £15 million 节省1500万英镑
Benefits 好处
• Manages risk 管理者风险
• frees resources to focus on improvement 关注进步的免费资源
• system to record & demonstrate progress 记录和示范进步的系统
Sedex: Providing solutions －0Sedex：提供了解决办法
• Web-based database for suppliers to log information 把供应商信息记录进基于网络的数据库
• Cost saving, efficiency gain.节省成本，获得效益
Tesco’s strategy Tesco的策略
Treating people how we like to be treated. 以我们喜欢被对付的方式应付
…… including the people who make the products we buy and sell 包括我们买卖产品的人
Our trade provides jobs for billions of people 我们的商业提供了上亿个工作机会
what are we actually doing 我们正在切实进行的事情
• LTM = Lead Technical Manager 领导型技术管理员
• 3P = Third Party Company 第三方公司
• PIU = Product Integrity Unit 产品完整性单元
• CTM = Category Technical Manager 分类技术主管
• All suppliers have been allocated an ethical risk rating: 所有供应商被定为一个伦理风险等级
• By country 国家
• By industries and employment types 行业和职业类型
• By our knowledge 我们的知识
Low risk 低风险
• Complete site profile and self assessment on Sedex - update annually完成地点剖析与自我评价（每年更新）
• Reviewed by Tesco TM －Tesco TM回顾
Medium risk 中等风险
• Site profile and self assessment on Sedex (update annually) 完成地点剖析与自我评价（每年更新）
• 1 or 2-day ethical assessment by recognised Third Party and logged on Sedex by Third Party (at least every 2 yrs) 1或2天的伦理评价被承认的第三方（最少两年一次）
High risk 高风险
• site profile and self assessment on Sedex (update annually) 地点剖析与自我评价
• 2 or 3-day ethical assessment by recognised Third Party logged on Sedex (at least annually) 2或3天的伦理评价被承认的第三方（最少每年一次）
What should you do 你应该怎么办？
• Know the ethical risk rating 了解伦理风险
• Know what your suppliers have to do 了解你的供应商必须做的事情
• Talk about it with suppliers 与供应商讨论
• Managing risk 管理风险
• Educating – communicating and training 教育－沟通与训练
• Providing solutions 提供解决办法
• Supporting change 支持的变化
What’s been done so far? 目前已作了什么？
• Sedex message communicated extensively to supply base
• A lot of suppliers on the system 系统上许多供应商
• A lot of suppliers NEARLY on the system系统附近许多供应商
• Need Tesco team to work together to take a step further 需要Tesco团队一起工作取得更大进步
395334918 消息已发
The 汕 head City day the 森 industry limited company was established in 1989,(original 汕 head City is newly arisen to give or get an electric shock hot gum 辊 factory) , the my plant has been adhering to the spirit of"try for the best, product improvement, research development, the quality first" to meet an emergency the need of[with] progress and customer of ages for long time.
The company produces various rubber now, 硅 gum 辊 and electroplate 辊 , steel 辊 .That product is extensively used for blowing film machine, pour stomach machine, heat to dissolve machine, coat machine, food machine, pack a machine, burn gold machine, move to print machine, printing machine and make bag machine etc..Various specification can order to do at any time.
Quoted from France, Germany, the United States, Japanese original material recently, adopted an international advanced technique, combined my plant to produce experience for several years, made the product quality attain the same kind product level at home and abroad, many and local overseas-funded enterprises kits, was subjected to outside company and local personage consistent good opinion.
Sedex Training for Tesco Technical Managers
Tesco技术管理员的Sedex训练
Rosey Hurst （作者）
Why Invent Sedex? 为什么创立Sedex
2001 – retailers identified need to: 零售商要做的
• Learn from each other 互相学习
• Send suppliers unified message 给供应商发送一致的信息
• Empower suppliers 授权给供应商
• Reduce costs + increase change 降低成本＋增加变化
• Supplier供应商
• Ethical 伦理
• Data 数据
• Exchange 交易
• Web-based system: 基于网络的系统
• MAINTAIN data 维护信息
• SHARE data with customers which they have a trading relationship 与有贸易来往的客户分享信息
• FILING CABINET 归档
• set policy 制定政策
• pass / fail / certify / score suppliers 供应商及格／不及格／证明／分数
Who is Sedex For? Sedex为了谁？
• Any company which wants to SHARE information on labour standards with its customers任何想与其客户分享劳动力标准信息的公司
• Any company which wants to KNOW about labour standards in its supply chain任何想了解他的供应链上劳动力标准信息的公司
Who’s involved? 涉及了什么人？
• Tesco 人名
• John Lewis人名
• Marks & Spencer人名
• Safeway Stores (UK英国缩写) 人名
• Sainsbury’s人名
• Waitrose人名
• Arla Foods人名
• Geest人名
• United Biscuits人名
• Uniq人名
• RHM人名
• Northern Foods北美食物
• 1100+ production sites (45% non-food) 1100 ＋产地（45％非粮食产地）
• 42 countries 42个国家
• Advisory Board (initially nominated by Ethical Trading Initiative)咨询部
• Independent non-executive director 独立的非执行主管
Key principles 关键原则
• Supplier owns data 供应商自己的数据
• Supplier controls who can see the data供应商控制能看到资料的人员
• Retailers/brands cannot view each other’s supply chains 零售商／品牌不能相互看到对方的供应链
Membership Types 员工关系类型
• Three classes of membership: 三种员工关系
– A members - who VIEW data eg Tesco 观看数据（例如Tesco）的员工
– B members - who ENTER data 输入信息的员工
– AB members - who do BOTH eg RHM 两者兼备，例如RHM
SEDEX membership fees SEDEX会员费
• ‘A’ members pay according to turnover (one off joining fee plus annual subscription) A型会员根据流通量支付（介绍费＋每年订金）
– Not your suppliers!!不是你的供应商
• ‘B’ members pay £25 per site per year (plus handling charge) B型会员每地点每年25英镑（加上操作费用）
– MAJORITY of your suppliers 你的供应商的大多数属于这类
• ‘AB’ members pay both AB型会员两者都要支付
– Some of your suppliers eg agents or big companies某些供应商，例如代理商或者大公司
turnover 流通量 joining fee入会费 subscription定金
> £15 bn £15,000 £15,000
£8bn - 15bn £11,250 £11,250
£5bn - 8bn £7,500 £7,500
£2bn - 5bn £3,750 £3,750
£1bn - £2bn £2,250 £2,250
£10m - £1bn £1,125 £1,125
<£10m £750 £750
Benefits of Sedex―― Sedex的好处
• Tool for convergence 经济回笼工具
• Collection of comparable data 相关比较信息的收集
• Ability to track supply chain 追踪供应链的能力
• Empowers suppliers 授权于供应商
Benefits: Cost Saving好处：节省成本
Increased efficiency & reduced cost 增加效益并且降低成本
site has 6 audits @ £1500
2,000 primary sites 2000个主要地点
Cost = £18 million 成本等于1800万英镑
Saving = £15 million 节省1500万英镑
Benefits 好处
• Manages risk 管理者风险
• frees resources to focus on improvement 关注进步的免费资源
• system to record & demonstrate progress 记录和示范进步的系统
Sedex: Providing solutions －0Sedex：提供了解决办法
• Web-based database for suppliers to log information 把供应商信息记录进基于网络的数据库
• Cost saving, efficiency gain.节省成本，获得效益
Tesco’s strategy Tesco的策略
Treating people how we like to be treated. 以我们喜欢被对付的方式应付
…… including the people who make the products we buy and sell 包括我们买卖产品的人
Our trade provides jobs for billions of people 我们的商业提供了上亿个工作机会
what are we actually doing 我们正在切实进行的事情
• LTM = Lead Technical Manager 领导型技术管理员
• 3P = Third Party Company 第三方公司
• PIU = Product Integrity Unit 产品完整性单元
• CTM = Category Technical Manager 分类技术主管
• All suppliers have been allocated an ethical risk rating: 所有供应商被定为一个伦理风险等级
• By country 国家
• By industries and employment types 行业和职业类型
• By our knowledge 我们的知识
Low risk 低风险
• Complete site profile and self assessment on Sedex - update annually完成地点剖析与自我评价（每年更新）
• Reviewed by Tesco TM －Tesco TM回顾
Medium risk 中等风险
• Site profile and self assessment on Sedex (update annually) 完成地点剖析与自我评价（每年更新）
• 1 or 2-day ethical assessment by recognised Third Party and logged on Sedex by Third Party (at least every 2 yrs) 1或2天的伦理评价被承认的第三方（最少两年一次）
High risk 高风险
• site profile and self assessment on Sedex (update annually) 地点剖析与自我评价
• 2 or 3-day ethical assessment by recognised Third Party logged on Sedex (at least annually) 2或3天的伦理评价被承认的第三方（最少每年一次）
What should you do 你应该怎么办？
• Know the ethical risk rating 了解伦理风险
• Know what your suppliers have to do 了解你的供应商必须做的事情
• Talk about it with suppliers 与供应商讨论
• Managing risk 管理风险
• Educating – communicating and training 教育－沟通与训练
• Providing solutions 提供解决办法
• Supporting change 支持的变化
What’s been done so far? 目前已作了什么？
• Sedex message communicated extensively to supply base
• A lot of suppliers on the system 系统上许多供应商
• A lot of suppliers NEARLY on the system系统附近许多供应商
• Need Tesco team to work together to take a step further 需要Tesco团队一起工作取得更大进步
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