高手帮忙翻译一篇文章 中翻英 急用 谢谢
In the last few years, our country has devoted in the monopoly industry government and has made certain progress, but the present some monopolizing industry still has the without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises, the efficiency to be low, the supervisory mechanism lacks and so on questions. These question's existence enables our country market economy to revolve highly effective, in the economical fast development and the economic globalization to under the depth advancement's new situation, changes these conditions is which our country economic reform faces significant and the rich challenging topic. This article first chapter first reviewed our country to monopolize the industrial reform the background and narrates the monopoly industry reform present situation. The second chapter pointed out that monopolizes the industry to our country to carry on the reform the importance and the urgency. The third chapter is take our country railroad's industry reform course as the example, the monopoly industry carries on the discussion analysis to our country. Through the analysis, summarizes our country to monopolize the subject matter which the industry nowadays exists. Finally, acts appropriately to the situation to the existence question, proposes the related solution.
楼主，您真够黑的，想翻死我呀.But,here you are.
The process of economic globalization enter the real significance is not only maximize the implementation of economic liberalization and international trade liberalization, but also, more importantly, to establish a more effective and equitable international competition order that the international institutional and industrial organization policy framework. Industrial Organization institutional and policy framework and the fundamental question is, a situation favorable to effective competition among enterprises and probably gain the most market performance of the market structure. Therefore, under the conditions of economic globalization, China's civil aviation transportation industry in the development of government need to be addressed in the most important question is: formation and facilitate the efficient, fair competition and cooperation in the system environment, rather than the other.
The industry in the interests of vested interest groups and the government's promotion of the interests of profits and taxes the same direction, the control system is often need for changes in external pressure. This pressure comes from the other main alternative mode of transport for the improvement of operational efficiency and high efficiency after China's WTO entry of foreign carriers aviation industry cutthroat competition.
Second, the development of civil aviation transport industry cost constraints
Decide whether by air travelers one of the main factors is the level of fares. Fares on absolute terms, China has been higher than the United States fares fares 16 percent, where the United States fares or accommodation for all the average price, but the Chinese economy class fare is the price, if a Chinese fare first class will be included in the price higher.
In 1999, an average of the United States flew more than 5 times, and China averaged 20.5 people only one who flew once. If China's annual average 2 people in one by one aircraft, the passenger volume of the year will be more than 600 million people, this figure will be the 1999's more than 10 times. Zheng Xing not in the "WTO and the opening up of the air transport industry" in China that caused excessive fare airlines generally do not carry a high rate, from the 1980s, an average of 59 per cent to the current 57 percent below. Perhaps Zheng change the view that more accurately these: In my current level of income, affecting transport fares too high a rate of the important factors.
On "Why civil aviation ticket prices too high", the author had with the Southern Airlines staff exchanges that they answer yes, civil air transport is the major cost of fuel and staff salaries, and fuel prices have been high, with staff wages Rigid, so this set ticket prices is the high cost, had to do this.
According to statistics materials, Air Materiel import tariff rates for 19-00%, and the value-added tax rate to 17 percent, the average Composite Air Materiel import duty of 30 per cent, which greatly increased the air transport enterprises, the production cost. Moreover, the international market average price of aviation kerosene for 1.6 yuan / kg, tariff of 9%, value-added tax rate to 17 percent, duty-paid price of 2.04 yuan / kg than international prices rose by 27.5 percent, while the domestic market price of 2.43 yuan / kg than international prices rose 52%. In 1997, civil aviation enterprises directly under the fuel consumption 3.275 million tons, due to poor prices at home and abroad this, these enterprises paid 2.72 billion yuan of the cost of aviation kerosene, almost equivalent to the loss for the entire industry. Plus, in the external costs have not changed circumstances, the civil aviation industry last year, a whole industry huge losses, and the fundamental reason is the high operating costs caused by internal. International experience shows that civil aviation passenger ticket sales revenue equivalent to the cost of 17%, saving cost of sales is the main way to reduce fares one. %); break the monopoly of the National Executive exclusive booking system, allowing multinational companies to compete, but also the civil aviation enterprises can reduce the cost of sales.
A civil air transport enterprise management system, the constraints
"Governments" of the current system arrangement is the development of China's civil aviation transportation industry the most critical constraints. Reform of the past 20 years, the market economy has occupied a dominant position, it has been estimated that China's market index has been initially less than 25% to nearly 80%, with prices of goods and services market index exceeds 90%, and a handful of civil aviation is still the State Development Planning Commission and the competent departments plan and implement the most stringent pricing of the industry price control one of a handful of reservations so far is "Governments and enterprises will be merged" (directly under the General Administration of Civil Aviation and Civil Aviation enterprises) planned economic system features one of the industry and a very small number of administrative monopoly market segmentation in the market and impede development of related industries and one of the special interest groups. This kind of "governments" system has become a constraint for the Civil Aviation transport services improve operational efficiency and the fundamental factors.
It is precisely this "governments" management system for civil air transport services and facilities provided for the control system to influence the arrangement to avoid the pressure of market competition. They do not need to optimize the internal control structure and to improve internal operating efficiency to raise the cost of saving receipts, as long as through administrative monopoly operators, we can guarantee huge monopoly profits. This kind of "governments" in the control system of a closed market environment, the Group can keep the vested interests, but also ensure that the government's profit and tax revenue, and as such arrangements in a certain range on with its reasonable, although it does not have the economics sense is reasonable.
Whether in the developed countries, or countries with economies in transition markets have already recognized that hinder economic growth is an important factor not by those with vested interests to make every effort to improve operational efficiency and profitability, but do everything possible to influence the government's public systems, to create "policy errors , "ensuring that the Group trades on the market monopoly profits. China even more special, it is business monopoly enterprises and departments in charge of industry, "collusive" and formation of administrative monopoly. From April 1, 2002 from the civil aviation transportation industry practice routes associates pricing policy is a typical example of "price cartel" by the Civil Aviation Administration of direct administrative interference come forward on the same route on different airlines, aircraft of different models, different flights, the different seasons and holidays, the mandatory implementation of unified, fixed route prices, in order to maintain monopoly profits. Western countries than large companies in certain sectors "collusive" monopoly price in practice is not conducive to the role played by the competition, not conducive to the improvement of production efficiency. Moreover, the Civil Aviation Administration of public expression, "May 1" Holiday Unity "price cuts" is clearly inconsistent with the interests of the community. So, break the monopoly of administrative arrangements for the planned economic system of the last bastion of the re-establishment of a fair competition and open competition, unified and open civil air transport services market operations is the expression of the people's interests, but also improve the efficiency of its own civil aviation transport industry, the inevitable requirement for development step.
Under the conditions of economic globalization, a country to obtain benefits ultimately depend on the international competitiveness of industry strength, affecting the competitiveness of industries a number of factors, however, the competitiveness of industries final analysis, is an industry organization, namely the establishment of an effective competition market structure and industrial structure is to cultivate and enhance the competitiveness of industries and the fundamental way to a decisive conditions.
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